Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is only possible through an IVF program, and a few years ago, it marked a significant advancement in assisted reproductive technologies. This technique helps in identifying genetic disorders at the early stage of embryo development, which can greatly enhance the success rates of infertility treatments. The ultimate goal, of course, is to help couples have a healthy baby.
PGD is especially recommended if either or both prospective parents have genetic disorders. If either partner has abnormalities in their chromosomes, PGD becomes crucial in preventing the birth of a child with genetic issues and in ensuring a healthy pregnancy.
In such cases, PGD involves examining embryos for chromosomal abnormalities, including aneuploidy, which is related to translocation and other common chromosomal issues. It’s also advised for women over the age of 35 since medical statistics show an increased risk of genetic disorders in children born during this later reproductive period, including serious diseases and various malformations.
Here are some common reasons for considering PGD:
– A history of hereditary and congenital abnormalities.
– Diagnosed chromosomal aberrations (like translocations) in a couple.
– Women aged 35 and older.
– Two or more unsuccessful IVF attempts.
– Previous child death due to Rh incompatibility.
– Past miscarriages between 4-8 weeks of gestation.
– A parent’s predisposition to cancer.
– High percentage of sperm with genetic issues.
There are various methods for conducting PGD, and the cost varies depending on the technique used. For instance, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) offers a detailed analysis of the embryo’s entire genetic structure but is time-consuming and expensive. On the other hand, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) focuses on key chromosome pairs, identifying common genetic issues more affordably and quickly, though it doesn’t analyze the complete DNA structure.
Whichever method is chosen, PGD allows fertility specialists to follow the modern trend of transferring only one healthy embryo, increasing the chances of a healthy, single-fetus pregnancy, thus avoiding the risks associated with multiple gestations.