Traveling to tropical areas is an amazing way to immerse yourself in new cultures and enjoy beautiful landscapes and friendly locals. But, it’s important to be aware of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that are common in these regions. Understanding the risks and how to avoid them is crucial.
There are 20 diseases officially recognized as NTDs. Let’s look at some of the most common ones and what you need to know about them.
**Leprosy**
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by bacteria. It mainly affects the skin and nerves, leading to symptoms like loss of sensation and skin lesions. It progresses in stages. The first stage involves loss of sensation in facial muscles, hands, and feet. The second stage can lead to severe consequences like blindness and loss of fingers and toes, sometimes taking up to 20 years to manifest. It is often found in areas with overcrowding and poor nutrition. Long-term close contact with an infected person can spread the disease. If you suspect any symptoms, seek medical advice promptly.
**Sleeping sickness**
Also known as African trypanosomiasis, sleeping sickness is spread by the bite of an infected tsetse fly and occurs only in sub-Saharan Africa. It disrupts sleep patterns and affects behavior and cognitive functions. The disease has two stages: the first involves parasites in the blood and lymphatic system, and the second affects the central nervous system. Early symptoms include fever, severe headaches, and fatigue, appearing one to three weeks after infection. Wearing protective clothing and using insect repellent can help prevent bites. Untreated, sleeping sickness is fatal, so immediate medical attention is essential if you notice symptoms.
**Rabies**
Rabies is a serious disease that causes brain and spinal cord inflammation and is transmitted by animal bites or scratches. There are two types:
– **Furious rabies**: Causes severe hyperactivity and irrational fear of water and air, usually fatal within days.
– **Paralytic rabies**: Similar but slower to develop, often misdiagnosed.
While common in the U.S., rabies prevention through animal vaccination isn’t as prevalent in tropical areas. Seek medical help immediately for any bite or scratch that might transmit rabies.
**Intestinal worms**
Humid climates with poor sanitation in tropical areas can harbor intestinal worms. These parasites hinder nutrient absorption, causing malnutrition and anemia. The most common are hookworm, roundworm, and whipworm, which infect humans through contact with contaminated soil. Severe infections can cause abdominal pain, blood loss, and diarrhea. Fortunately, these infections are treatable with medication; see your doctor if you experience any symptoms.
**Snakebite envenoming**
This occurs when bitten by a venomous snake or if venom is sprayed into the eyes. It can cause immediate symptoms like breathing paralysis, kidney failure, or severe bleeding, potentially leading to permanent disability or amputation. Children are particularly vulnerable. Quick medical treatment with antivenom is critical. Apply pressure to the bite and remove tight clothing around the area to manage swelling while seeking help. Prompt action is vital even though snakebites are rarely instantly fatal.
**Summary**
Tropical travel can be thrilling and safe as long as you’re aware of the potential risks from NTDs. Sharing this information ensures you and others can enjoy travel adventures without unnecessary health issues. For the latest updates on NTDs, consult resources from the World Health Organization.
Stay informed and enjoy your travels!